1982 Lebanon War<\/h3>
The 1982 Lebanon War, dubbed Operation Peace for Galilee (Hebrew: \u05de\u05d1\u05e6\u05e2 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc, or \u05de\u05d1\u05e6\u05e2 \u05e9\u05dc\"\u05d2\u200e Mivtsa Shlom HaGalil or Mivtsa Sheleg) by the Israeli government, later known in Israel as the Lebanon War or the First Lebanon War (Hebrew: \u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05ea \u05dc\u05d1\u05e0\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4\u200e, Milhemet Levanon Harishona), and known in Lebanon as \"the invasion\" (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d\u200e, Al-ijtiy\u0101\u1e25), began on 6 June 1982, when the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) invaded southern Lebanon, after repeated attacks and counter-attacks between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) operating in southern Lebanon and the IDF that had caused civilian casualties on both sides of the border.[16][17][18] The military operation was launched after gunmen from Abu Nidal's organization attempted to assassinate Shlomo Argov, Israel's ambassador to the United Kingdom. Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin blamed Abu Nidal's enemy, the PLO, for the incident,[19][20] and treated the incident as a casus belli for the invasion.[21][22][i]<\/p>
After attacking the PLO \u2013 as well as Syrian, leftist, and Muslim Lebanese forces \u2013 the Israeli military, in cooperation with the Maronite allies and the self-proclaimed Free Lebanon State, occupied southern Lebanon, eventually surrounding the PLO and elements of the Syrian Army. Surrounded in West Beirut and subjected to heavy bombardment, the PLO forces and their allies negotiated passage from Lebanon with the aid of United States Special Envoy Philip Habib and the protection of international peacekeepers. The PLO, under the chairmanship of Yasser Arafat, had relocated its headquarters to Tripoli in June 1982. By expelling the PLO, removing Syrian influence over Lebanon, and installing a pro-Israeli Christian government led by President Bachir Gemayel, Israel hoped to sign a treaty which Menachem Begin promised would give Israel \"forty years of peace\".[23]<\/p>
Following the assassination of Gemayel in September 1982, Israel's position in Beirut became untenable and the signing of a peace treaty became increasingly unlikely. Outrage following Israel's role in the Phalangist-perpetrated Sabra and Shatila massacre, of mostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shiites, and Israeli popular disillusionment with the war would lead to a gradual withdrawal from Beirut to the areas claimed by the self-proclaimed Free Lebanon State in southern Lebanon (later to become the South Lebanon security belt), which was initiated following the 17 May Agreement and Syria's change of attitude towards the PLO. After Israeli forces withdrew from most of Lebanon, the War of the Camps broke out between Lebanese factions, the remains of the PLO and Syria, in which Syria fought its former Palestinian allies. At the same time, Shi'a militant groups began consolidating and waging a low-intensity guerrilla war over the Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon, leading to 15 years of low-scale armed conflict. The Lebanese Civil War would continue until 1990, at which point Syria had established complete dominance over Lebanon.[24]<\/p><\/div>\n
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Bard College at Simon's Rock<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t 3<\/span> Reviews <\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\tColleges & UniversitiesPhone: <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t84 Alford Rd, Great Barrington, MA 01230\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
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